Saturday, February 6, 2021

Issue #13: Sandy's Reflections on Captain America: Civil War (2016)

Of course this film is #13—a number that is often disliked for fear of bad karma or evil spirits. And we kind of have both in Captain America: Civil War. What makes this film uncomfortable is the fact that we’ve had 12 films that build two main characters’ arcs as heroes, and now we have to choose a side—meaning that one of our heroes is wrong.
 
I honestly haven’t watched Civil War other than once in the theater and then a few parts for chapters that I write about Pepper Potts. It hurts me, and I can’t bear to actually watch the brutal way that—emotionally—Tony and Steve pummel each other in the final battle sequence. Bruises on the skin will fade, but the bruises on their hearts will take much longer to heal.
 
This time around, though, I had no choice but to watch, as that is part of this process of our blog creation. I talked endlessly about the fact that I didn’t want to watch the film, and I was more and more vocal as I saw the film creep up closer and closer on our list.
 
Watching the film right now, in the political climate that we’re in, really lends itself to an analysis of the film as a metaphor for the depressing mess that we’re in as a country. We have two sides, and the divide grows larger rather than smaller. 
 
On one side, the film focuses on how Tony is rudderless without Pepper. He can’t finish a speech when her name appears on a teleprompter. He has regressed after making such progress at the end of Iron Man 3, destroying his excess suits and vowing to be more present in their lives. Instead, he is still traumatized by the events of Avengers and takes the news hard of how many people have died as a result of Ultron’s attempt to “save” the world. After the devastation that happened in Sokovia, shouldn’t there be some accountability for the loss of life? Part of Tony's thinking is regret for his part in Ultron’s creation, but part of his decision is that he is fueled by the idea that the Accords might help him “split the difference” in world view that he has with Pepper. He’s not wrong.  
 
On the other side, we have Steve, a man also lost without his love, Peggy. What crushes him even more is that she dies—and he, like Tony, feels rudderless. I wrote about how in Winter Soldier, Steve visits the museum to see those he knew, frozen in images and statues and interviews on a loop. He wants that connection to what he had, badly, and when he realizes Bucky is out there and could be killed, Steve not only wants to do the right thing, he also wants to get back one piece of what made him who he is. He also has an internal sense of what he believes is right. Sharon’s words at Peggy’s funeral cement his thoughts that the Accords are wrong: “Compromise where you can. Where you can't, don't. Even if everyone is telling you that something wrong is something right. Even if the whole world is telling you to move, it is your duty to plant yourself like a tree, look them in the eye, and say 'No, you move.’” Steve isn’t wrong either.
 
In “Red and Blue: An Analysis of Captain America: Civil War,” the author argues that “Tony Stark and Steve Rogers have good points, and both are making these good points for bad reasons” (https://observationdeck.kinja.com/red-and-blue-an-analysis-of-captain-america-civil-war-1775265715). Both are working off of their emotions, and they are trying their best. I feel for Tony’s loss, and I hurt for Cap as he struggles to stay true to his ideals that make him feel like a square peg in a round hole.
 
That’s what makes this film interesting to study in the context of our current election. We have two sides, both with positives and negatives. We have two candidates—and honestly, no debating specifics here; I’m not even naming them for a reason—and we can see that there is only one outcome from all this fighting: more separation and distance.
 
In Civil War, the end isn’t a sunset and a clear resolution that brings everyone back together again. The moral of the story is that when we are separated, when we increase the divide, it’s never good.
 
Let’s hope that we as a country can narrow the divide and work together to avoid our own war. Because, as the film painfully reveals, when war erupts, no one ever wins.

Issue #13: Alex's Reflections on Captain America: Civil War (2016)

There is a point in the Harry Potter story where the events of that world become more “real.” Yes, the books and films within that universe are rooted in magic which makes any discourse about “real” seem ridiculous. The “real” that I refer to could be interpreted as a “loss of innocence” or the narrative becoming serious. For Harry Potter that moment occurs during the The Goblet of Fire when Harry and Cedric Diggory are teleported to a cemetery for the first full and physical appearance of Voldemort. Up until that point in the story, much of the narrative in Harry Potter was whimsical with elements of danger throughout, but nothing ever felt truly dire until that encounter in the graveyard. If one is familiar with the books, this transition is a literal page turn: On one page the story is at the celebrated Tri-Wizard Tournament and the next page is a dark cemetery. For the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Captain America: Civil War is that page turn.
 
Throughout Civil War, the heroes debate (and physically fight) about the role of a superpowered team in a modern world. Should superheroes be regulated by a governing body that deems whether or not their services are required during a given crisis? Citing events from past films where the Avengers caused countless deaths and billions of dollars in damage, the Avengers are asked to sign the Sokovia Accords which would require the Avengers to act only upon the approval of a United Nations committee. For Captain America, this is an unacceptable limitation on the heroes which impedes on their liberties. For Iron Man, the idea of regulation is not so egregious and may have merit. Add to this a vengeful Baron Zemo who is behind the scenes orchestrating the destruction of the Avengers and the film becomes a deconstruction of the Avengers. 
 
The “page turn” that was referenced earlier occurs at the end of this film when it is revealed that The Winter Soldier was responsible for the murder of Tony Stark’s parents, and that revelation plays out in real time with Tony Stark watching a surveillance video of the event with Steve Rogers. When Tony asks Steve, “Did you know?” and Steve answers, “Yes,” the entire film series flips. The brutal battle that ensues between Iron Man and Captain America is visually excellent, but the emotion behind the fight makes it all the more engrossing. Many times throughout this blogging project I’ve undertaken with Sandy and Gian, I’ve referenced how absurd and bloated the final fight sequences are in these Marvel films. At this point in the series, this is the best final fighting sequence. The emotions are intense, the stakes are high, and it is a genuine fight between two combatants: no buildings falling, no planets exploding, no flying aircraft carriers falling out of the sky. It is just two good men fighting for their beliefs. 
 
This is where the “real” I was referring to comes into play. All of the Marvel Cinematic films have been celebratory to some degree, and this is the first one where it doesn’t end on a high note. In essence, this is the Marvel film that reminds us that the heroes are flawed and don’t always win.
 

Issue #13: Gian's Reflections on Captain America: Civil War (2016)

"One nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." Every American knows the Pledge of Allegiance, and the history of the pledge, originally written by socialist minister Francis Bellamy in 1892, is quite interesting (including the fact that Bellamy’s daughter objected to the words “under God” being added by President Eisenhower in 1954).
 
Most states require the recitation of the pledge in public schools, but although Americans all know the pledge, it’s easy to forget that it contains the word “indivisible.” Having been written not long after the Civil War, it’s not surprising that Bellamy included the word “indivisible.” That word recalls Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address from 1864 in which he so eloquently stated:
 
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
 
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
 
Civil wars tear nations, and people, apart. Which brings me not only to Captain America: Civil War (2016, directed by Anthony and Joe Russo) but the very divided American nation. Most Americans were shocked by the attack on the nation’s capital as Congress was in the process of certifying President Biden’s electoral college victory. The attack emerged from an initially peaceful protest by Americans who felt that the 2020 presidential election had been rigged (despite there being no hard evidence to support that claim) and that President Trump was the rightful winner. The attackers hoped to stop Biden from being confirmed as the 45th U.S. President.
 
Civil wars have real costs. Five people died in the capital attack and dozens more were injured. America is, fortunately, not in a civil war, though many of people feared it might come to that. And if you drive around western Pennsylvania, where I teach at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, you will still see Trump flags waving proudly from many homes. Americans are not at war, but they are divided, perhaps more so than ever in the country's history since the Civil War.

Just like the Avengers are divided in Civil War. Following the death and destruction of Avengers: Age of Ultron, the United Nations is preparing to pass the Sokovia Accords which will establish a U.N. panel to oversee and control the Avengers. Tony Stark (played superbly as always by Robert Downey Jr.) feels this will assure people that the Avengers only intend to serve the common good. Steve Rogers (played to perfection by Chris Evans) no longer trusts any government, especially after having learned how Hydra infiltrated S.H.I.E.L.D. Stark tries to get Steve to sign the accords, but Steve refuses and the Avengers split up.
 
This leads to a classic superhero battle in Germany with Team Cap fighting against Team Iron Man. It’s a fun battle with a lot of classic Marvel banter spouted by delightful new hero entry Spider-Man (played like a true teenager by Tom Holland). It even includes a terrific moment in which Spidey grabs Cap’s shield, and Cap, despite the fight and the shield swiping, pauses to say:

Captain America: You got heart, kid. Where are you from?

Spider-Man: Queens!

Captain America [with a chuckle]: Brooklyn!
 
If you like superhero battles, you can read all about them in my chapter “Who Is the Greatest Superhero: Using Comics to Explore the Concept of Heroism” in the fabulous book Comic Connections: Analyzing Hero and Identity (Rowman and Littlefield, 2017) edited by the equally fabulous Sandy Eckard. That book also contains a chapter by our third partner in heroism (rather than crime) Alex Romagnoli entitled “The Man with Identities: Utilizing Daredevil as an Artifact for Literary Analysis.”
 
Unfortunately, all the fun banter comes crashing to a halt when James Rhodes/War Machine (played nicely by Don Cheadle) accidentally gets blasted from the sky and nearly killed. Despite the colorful costumes, a civil war is never fun and Rhodes’ near death makes that hit home for every hero at the battle. Cap and his team quickly look to escape, and they only manage to do so because the Black Widow (played wonderfully again by Scarlett Johansson) changes sides.
 
This leads toward the climatic battle that pits Iron Man against Captain America and the Winter Solider/Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan who increasingly embodies the role). Sandy always says she skips that final scene because she can’t bear to watch it. And it’s easy to understand why. This is not the fun-filled sparring of the earlier battle. The final fight is bloody and brutal. It has been carefully orchestrated by Helmut Zemo 
(played icily by Daniel Brühl) in an attempt to reek revenge upon the Avengers whom he blames for the death of his family. Zemo’s family were killed during the battle between the Avengers and Ultron in Sokovia, though as viewers we see that as Ultron’s fault not theirs. Knowing that he can’t possibly beat the Avengers himself, Zemo leads them into a trap where he shows them a secret videotape which he believes will send the heroes into a deadly battle against each other.

The video is extremely painful to watch, surely the darkest scene in the entire MCU. Having caused their car to crash on a deserted road, a brainwashed Winter Solider approaches the burning vehicle and then kills Tony’s parents, Howard (played by John Slattery) and Maria (played by Hope Davis). While we are not forced to watch the actual killing, we do hear Maria gasp “No.” True to Zemo’s wishes, this sends Tony into a blind rage and he attempts to kill Bucky. Steve tries to help Bucky flee, but Tony blocks his escape. This escalates the fight so that we see Cap and Bucky pound Iron Man over and over in a desperate attempt to subdue him.

But as vicious as the fight is, it’s the words the heroes hurl at each other that are the most vicious of all:
 
Steve: “Tony. Tony. It wasn’t him, Tony. Hydra had control of his mind.”

Tony [to Cap]: “Move.” [Tony flies at Bucky avoiding Cap’s attempt to stop him.]

Steve [calling after Tony]: “It wasn’t him.”

[Then, after more hard fighting:]

Steve: “This isn’t gonna change what happened.”

Tony: “I don’t care. He killed my mom.”

[And finally, after having pounded each other nearly senseless:]

Steve: “He’s my friend.”

Tony: “So was I.”

Lying on the ground where Steve has left him beaten, a bloodied Tony hits Steve with one last blow, the harshest of all:

Tony: “That shield doesn’t belong to you. You don’t deserve it. My father made that shield”

Cap looks upward, in a prayer-like moment, then gives a sad shrug of resignation and tosses the shield backward. It lands, now full of scratches, with a hard clang.
 
No one wins in a civil war. That’s the lesson. And we already know it. We learned it the hard way, long ago, with the deaths of so many Americans. And it’s always the same, no matter where a civil war is fought: Everybody loses.
 
So, as we begin 2021, I call on my fellow Americans to set aside their differences and start working together. We don’t need another civil war. We need to be indivisible.